Analysis of the perinatal mortality rate in the metropolitan region of grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, between 2008 and 2017

Introduction: perinatal mortality is characterized by fetal deaths that occur after the 22nd week of management and neonatal deaths that precede six full days of life. This indicator has been a matter of concern and discussion on the part of entities and organizations involved in comprehensive health care for women and children.Objective: to characterize perinatal deaths in the Metropolitan Region of Greater Vitória (RMGV) in Espírito Santo and identify associated maternal factors in the period between 2008 and 2017.Methods: ecological and descriptive study with a quantitative approach, carried out in 2019 on perinatal mortality from 2008 to 2017 at RMGV. Data collection was performed by extracting data from the SIM, SINASC, IBGE databases of the Espírito Santo State Health Department, about perinatal deaths and associated maternal factors. The research respects the ethical precepts of resolution 466/12 of the National Health Council.Results: the distribution of deaths did not occur homogeneously in the municipalities in the RMGV. The municipality of Vitória had the lowest perinatal mortality rates during the study period, on the other hand, in the comparative analysis between the different municipalities that make up the RMGV, the municipality of Fundão presents the worst scenario regarding perinatal mortality over the years. Regarding the underlying causes of death, it is noted that in this study, the three causes with the highest number of occurrences are complications of the placenta, umbilical cord and maternal affections, not necessarily related to the current pregnancy and intrauterine hypoxia.Conclusion: there were no significant changes in mortality rates in the Metropolitan Region of Greater Vitória. However, the main deaths occurred in neighborhoods with greater socioeconomic inequalities. Maternal causes were highly representative of deaths, raising issues associated with the improvement of public health policies.

Introdução: a mortalidade perinatal caracteriza-se pelos óbitos fetais que ocorrem a partir da 22ª semana de gestão e os óbitos neonatais que antecedem seis dias completos de vida. Este indicador tem sido motivo de preocupação e discussão por parte de entidades e organizações envolvidas na atenção à saúde integral da mulher e da criança. Objetivo: caracterizar os óbitos perinatais da Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória (RMGV) no Espírito Santo e identificar fatores maternos associados, no período entre 2008 e 2017. Método: estudo ecológico e descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, realizado no ano de 2019 acerca da mortalidade perinatal entre os anos de 2008 a 2017 na RMGV. A coleta de dados foi realizada através extração dos dados das bases SIM, SINASC, IBGE da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo, acerca dos óbitos perinatais e fatores maternos associados. A pesquisa respeita os preceitos éticos da resolução 466/12 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Resultados: a distribuição dos óbitos não ocorreu de forma homogênea nos municípios na RMGV. O município de Vitória apresentou os menores índices de mortalidade perinatal durante o período estudado, em contrapartida, na análise comparativa entre os diferentes municípios que compõe a RMGV, o município de Fundão apresenta o pior cenário relativo à mortalidade perinatal ao longo dos anos. Acerca das causas bases de óbitos, nota-se que neste estudo, as três causas com maior número de ocorrência são complicações da placenta, do cordão umbilical e afecções maternas, não obrigatoriamente relacionadas com a gravidez atual e hipóxia intrauterina. Conclusão: não houve mudanças significativas nas taxas de mortalidade na Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória. Contudo, os principais óbitos ocorreram em bairros com maiores desigualdades socieconomicas. As causas maternas representaram uma grande representatividade frente aos óbitos, levantando questões associadas a melhora de políticas públicas de saúde.

Fatores maternos e neonatais associados às anomalias congênitas* / Factores maternos y neonatales asociados a anomalías congénitas / Maternal and neonatal factors associated with congenital anomalies

Objetivo: analisar os fatores maternos e neonatais associados às anomalias congênitas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Método: estudo transversal com dados secundários. A amostra foi composta por 5.830 nascidos vivos entre 2012 a 2015. Foram analisadas variáveis maternas e neonatais que descreviam aspectos demográficos e de saúde. Aplicou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a ocorrência de anomalias congênitas esteve presente em 0,8% dos nascidos vivos e as mais frequentes foram relacionadas ao sistema osteomuscular, circulatório e geniturinário. Houve associação estatística significativa entre mães com filhos com histórico de natimortalidade prévia, prematuridade e menor índice de Apgar no 5º minuto com a ocorrência de anomalias. Conclusão: o estudo analisou os fatores maternos e neonatais associados às anomalias congênitas, demonstrando os grupos com maior risco para as anomalias congênitas. Ressalta-se a importância de proporcionar acesso aos cuidados pré-natais, considerando as condições de vida e trabalho da gestante.

Objective: to analyze maternal and neonatal factors associated with congenital anomalies in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Method: cross-sectional study with secondary data. The sample consisted of 5,830 live births between 2012 and 2015. Maternal and neonatal variables that described demographic and health aspects were analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results: the occurrence of congenital anomalies was present in 0.8% of live births and the most frequent were related to the musculoskeletal, circulatory and genitourinary systems. There was a significant statistical association between mothers with children with a history of previous stillbirth, prematurity and a lower Apgar score in the 5th minute with the occurrence of anomalies. Conclusion: the study analyzed maternal and neonatal factors associated with congenital anomalies, demonstrating the groups at highest risk for congenital anomalies. The importance of providing access to prenatal care is highlighted, considering the living and working conditions of the pregnant woman.

Objetivo: analizar factores maternos y neonatales asociados a anomalías congénitas en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Método: estudio transversal con datos secundarios. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 5.830 nacidos vivos entre 2012 y 2015. Se analizaron variables maternas y neonatales que describieron aspectos demográficos y de salud. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: la aparición de anomalías congénitas estuvo presente en el 0,8% de los nacidos vivos y las más frecuentes estuvieron relacionadas con los sistemas musculoesquelético, circulatorio y genitourinario. Hubo asociación estadística significativa entre madres con hijos con antecedentes de muerte fetal previa, prematuridad y menor puntaje de Apgar en el 5.° minuto con la aparición de anomalías. Conclusión: el estudio analizó factores maternos y neonatales asociados a anomalías congénitas, demostrando los grupos de mayor riesgo para anomalías congénitas. Se destaca la importancia de brindar acceso a la atención prenatal, considerando las condiciones de vida y trabajo de la gestante.

Potential risk factors for mortality in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective study

Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection caused more than five million deaths throughout the world and more than five thousand deaths in Libya, a little is known about the mortality rate and the risk factors for death from this serious infectious disease in Libya. Thus, it is aimed in this study to identify the potential risk factors for mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infections among 176 Libyan COVID-19 patients in Zawia city. This research is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted on 176 randomly selected volunteers who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 during a period of December2020 to February 2021 in Zawia city, Libya. Following filling the prepared validated questionnaire by COVID-19 patients, the data was analyzed to determine the previously mentioned risk factors. The mean age(SD) of the total 176 participated COVID-19 patients was 45.06 (± 17.7) and the mortality rate among these total involved cases (mild to severe cases) was 10.8%. It is found that the mortality among the severe COVID19 cases was 41.3% and the mean age (SD) of COVID-19 deaths was 69.1 years (13.8) and 73.7% of them were 60 years old or older. In addition, it is found that 63.2% of the SARS-CoV-2 deaths were females and 78.9% of them had a positive history of chronic diseases. Moreover, it was found that the most common chronic diseases among COVID-19 deaths are diabetes mellitus and hypertension (73.3% and 53.3%, respectively). Collectively, it is concluded that COVID-19 elderly female patients aging 60 years or older with a positive history of chronic disease are more likely at high risk for death from SARS-CoV-2 infection among the participated COVID cases